Wow, that was a mouthful.
For starters, this is what the bearing/hub assembly should look like upon removal:
The inner sleeve of the bearing is raised in this instance, as this one came apart upon removal. They are normally flush.
This is what I saw upon removal of my hub assembly over the weekend: Note the missing sleeve.
I had no access to a camera until after replacing the hub entirely, so I will not be able to show the sleeve as it was stuck on the spindle. This is the damaged inner sleeve: Note the smooth edge on the top side of the image, the lower edge will be explained later.
My options were limited by the fact that the bearing surface is very smooth, not to mention lubricated. There was not a sufficient gap between the sleeve and the spindle to pry it free. My choice in this instance was a claw style pulling tool: I rented this from Autozone for ~$30 USD, as I won't have need of it for a long time hopefully. They're pretty handy, when you do need them, completely useless when you don't.
The sleeve itself had a slight lip on it, not quite deep enough for the puller to grab onto. My solution was to grind notches into the sleeve itself, creating a seat for the jaws of the puller: The seat does not need to be particularly deep, but it does need to be wide enough to properly receive the jaws, and the lip that the jaws pull against must be as straight as possible.
There are definitely other methods for removing these, but I figured I would post this as one option. I estimate the time I spent grinding and fitting the puller jaws at around 10 minutes. The slow part is driving to and from the store to rent the tool.
